[Answer] What is the kernel?

Answer: B. The kernel is the essential component of the OS. It manages the processor and all other components of the system.

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What is the kernel? The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system with complete control over everything in the system. It is an integral part of any operating system. It is the "portion of the operating system code that is always resident in memory". It facilitates interactions between hardware and software components. On most systems it is one of the first programs loaded on startup (after the bootloader). It handles the rest of startup as well as input/output (I/O) requests from software translating them into data-processing instructions for the central processing unit. It handles memory and peripherals like keyboards monitors pri… It facilitates interactions between hardware and software components. On most systems it is one of the first programs loaded on startup (after the bootloader). It handles the rest of startup as well as input/output (I/O) requests from software translating them into data-processing instructions for the central processing unit. It handles memory and peripherals like keyboards monitors printers and speakers. The critical code of the kernel is usually loaded into a separate area of memory which is protected from access by application programs or other less critical parts of the operating system. The kernel performs its tasks such as running processes managing hardware devices such as the hard disk and handling interrupts in this protected kernel space . In contrast application programs like browsers word processors or audio or video players use a separate area of memory user space . This separation prevents user data and kernel data from interfering with each other and causing instability and slowness as well as preventing malfunctioning application programs from crashing the entire operating system. The kernel's interface is a low-level abstraction layer . When a process requests a service to the kernel it must invoke a system call usually through a wrapper function that is exposed to userspace applications by system libraries which embed the assembly code for entering the kernel after loading the CPU registers with the syscall number and its parameters (e.g. UNIX-like operating systems accomplish this task using the C standard library ). There are different kernel architecture designs. Monolithic kernels run entirely in a single address space Read more on Wikipedi...

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