[Answer] in the Rutherford nuclear-atom model ___________

Answer: electrons

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in the Rutherford nuclear-atom model ___________ Rutherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure. If Thomson was correct the beam would go straight through the gold foil. Most of the beams went through the foil but a few were deflected. The idea that matter is made up of discrete units is a very old idea appearing in many ancient cultures such as Greece and India. The word "atom" (Greek: ἄτομος; atomos) meaning "uncuttable" was coined by the Pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Leucippus and his pupil Democritus(c.460–c.370 BC). Democritus taught that atoms were infinite in number uncreated and eternal and that the qualities of an object result from the kind of atoms that compose it. Democritus's atomism was refined and elaborated by the later … The atomic nucleus is the small dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932 model...

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